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Hidden Toxic Hazards

Like the canary in the coalmine, children are particularly sensitive to poisons in their environment. Up to 80% of their time is spent breathing indoor air.

Polluted indoor air causes "sick buildings", and sick occupants.

This section provides information about the most common toxics polluting our indoor air, and lists products and services likely to contain hazardous chemicals.

Click on the links below to learn more about indoor air quality in schools.

What is "sick building syndrome"?

Why is indoor air quality important?

What are the consequences of poor Indoor Air Quality in schools?

More web resources for schools

Common indoor air toxics

tobacco smoke
lead
combustion products like carbon monoxide & nitrogen dioxide
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
pest control chemicals
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)
formaldehyde
solvents
heavy metals
ozone
synthetic fragrances

Recommended Reading:

Jo Immig The Toxic Playground : A guide to reducing the chemical load in schools and childcare centers, TEC Inc 2000

Products to avoid

The simplest strategy is to remove or reduce products like these, and substitute a less toxic, or non-toxic alternative.

LICE SHAMPOO:
Especially vulnerable are children, babies and pregnant mothers. Maldison or Malathion (OP): inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, causes brain disorders, insomnia, anorexia, dermatitis, heart, lung, muscle, kidney, and liver damage. Piperonyl Butoxide benzodioxole: Inhibits microsomal enzymes, suspected of causing anorexia, carcinogenisis, coma, convulsions, dermal irritation, kidney and liver damage, hyperexcitability, prenatal damage, prostration, tearing, unsteadiness, vomiting and weight loss.
Specific chemicals associated with children's brain cancers are pyrethrins and pyrethroids (which are synthetic pyrethrins, such as permethrin, tetramethrin, allethrin, resmethrin, and fenvalerate)

AIR FRESHENERS:
Most air fresheners interfere with your ability to smell by coating your nasal passages with an oil film, or by releasing a nerve deadening agent. Known toxic chemicals found in an air freshener: Formaldehyde: Highly toxic, known carcinogen. Phenol: When phenol touches your skin it can cause it to swell, burn, peel, and break out in hives. Can cause cold sweats,convulsions, circulatory collapse, coma and even death. Moth-repellent cakes or crystals, toilet disinfectants, and deodorizers are the major source of exposure to paradichlorobenzene, which also causes cancer in animals. Studies have consistently indicated that almost all exposure to paradichlorobenzene comes from sources inside homes, not from industrial emissions or hazardous-waste sites.

AMMONIA:
It is a very volatile chemical, it is very damaging to your eyes, respiratory tract and skin.

ANTIBACTERIAL CLEANERS:
may contain: Triclosan: Absorption through the skin can be tied to liver damage.

BLEACH:
It is a strong corrosive. It will irritate or burn the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. It may cause pulmonary edema or vomiting and coma if ingested. WARNING: never mix bleach with ammonia it may cause fumes which can be DEADLY.

CAR WASH AND POLISH:
Petroleum Distillates:
Associated with skin and lung cancer, irritant to skin, eyes, nose and lungs. Entry into the lungs may cause fatal pulmonary edema, most marked Danger, Harmful or Fatal.

CARPET AND UPHOLSTERY SHAMPOO:
Most formulas are designed to overpower the stain itself, they accomplish the task but not without using highly toxic substances. Some include: Perchlorethylene: Known carcinogen damages liver, kidney and nervous system damage. Ammonium Hydroxide: Corrosive, extremely irritable to eyes, skin and respiratory passages.

DISHWASHER DETERGENTS:
Most products contain chlorine in a dry form that is highly concentrated - number one cause of child poisonings, according to poison control centers.

DRAIN CLEANER:
Most drain cleaners contain lye, hydrochloric acid or trichloroethane. Lye: Caustic, burns skin and eyes, if ingested will damage esophagus and stomach. Hydrochloric acid: Corrosive, eye and skin irritant, damages kidneys, liver and digestive tract. Trichloroethane: Eye and skin irritant, nervous system depressant; damages liver and kidneys.

FLEA POWDERS:
Carbaryl:
Very toxic, causes skin, respiratory and cardiovascular system damage. Maldison or Malathion (OP) inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, causes brain disorders, insomnia, anorexia, dermatitis, heart, lung, muscle, kidney, and liver damage.

FRAGRANCES:
95 percent of chemicals used in fragrances are synthetic compounds derived from petroleum. They include benzene derivatives, aldehydes, and other known toxics and sensitizers -- capable of causing cancer, birth defects, central nervous system disorders and allergic reactions. See Fragranced Products Information Network (Betty Bridges), and The Environmental Health Network.

FURNITURE POLISH:
Petroleum Distillates: Highly flammable, can cause skin and lung cancer. Phenol: (see Air fresheners, Phenol.) Nitrobenzene: Easily absorbed through the skin, extremely toxic.

LAUNDRY ROOM PRODUCTS:
Sodium or calcium hypocrite:
Highly corrosive, irritates or burns skin, eyes or respiratory tract. Linear alkylate sulfonate: Absorbed through the skin. Known liver damaging agent. Sodium Tripolyphosphate: Irritates skin and mucous membranes, causes vomiting. Easily absorbed through the skin from clothes.

MOLD AND MILDEW CLEANERS:
Chemicals contained are: Sodium hypochlorite: Corrosive, irritates or burns skin and eyes, causes fluid in the lungs which can lead to coma or death. Formaldehyde: Highly toxic, known carcinogen. Irritant to eyes, nose, throat, and skin. May cause nausea, headaches, nosebleeds, dizziness, memory loss and shortness of breath.

OVEN CLEANER:
Sodium Hydroxide (Lye):
Caustic, strong irritant, burns to both skin and eyes. Inhibits reflexes, will cause severe tissue damage if swallowed.

PEST CONTROL PRODUCTS:
Most pesticides have ingredients that affect the nervous system of insects. Dimpylate: Better known as Diazinon, extremely toxic. Impairs the central nervous system. Chlorinate Hydrocarbons: Suspected carcinogen and mutantagen. Accumulates in food and in fatty tissue. Will attack the nervous system. Organophosphates such as Chlorpyrifos: a potent nerve poison, affects the nervous system. Synthetic Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids, such as Permethrin: associated with children's brain cancers. Toxic and poisonous. If you can smell it, your lungs are absorbing it.

SOAP & COSMETICS
Many cosmetics and soap products contain chemicals which may be absorbed through the skin. Surprisingly high amounts of the chemical, diethyl phthalate, were found recently in the blood of Americans nationwide. Pthalates are suspected of disrupting normal hormone function and causing reproductive birth defects. Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, a suspected neurotoxin, is found in shampoo, conditioner, soap and toothpaste.

SPRAY & WIPE SURFACE CLEANERS:
Many surface cleaners contain the solvent 2-butoxyethanol, which may cause respiratory tract irritation, unconsciousness, kidney and liver damage, eye irritation, damage to blood cells, and blood in urine.

TAR AND BUG REMOVER:
Contains XYLENE and PETROLEUM DISTILLATES.

TOILET BOWL CLEANERS:
Hydrochloric acid:
Highly corrosive, irritant to both skin and eyes. Damages kidneys and liver. Hypochlorite Bleach: Corrosive, irritates or burns eyes, skin and respiratory tract. May cause pulmonary edema, vomiting or coma if ingested. Contact with other chemicals may cause chlorine fumes which may be fatal.

 

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